Resonant nanomaterials open a new era in power generation

2025 marks significant progress in Neutrinovoltaic technology, driven by quantitative verification of the power generation capacity and operational stability of the 5-6 kW fuel-free Neutrino Power Cubes built on its basis.

Neutrinovoltaic is an innovative technology for converting the energy of invisible radiation particles, including neutrinos, into electric current.

Multilayer Nanomaterial

Operating Principle

The technology is based on specialized nanomaterials (primarily layers of graphene, doped silicon, and other elements) that:

1. Under the influence of cosmic rays (neutrinos, antineutrinos) and invisible electromagnetic waves (infrared, microwave, terahertz), they begin to vibrate ("graphene waves").

2. The thermal (Brownian) motion of graphene atoms also creates micro-oscillations.

3. The resonant oscillations result in an asymmetric flow of electrons—an electric current.

Key point: the internal symmetry of graphene is disrupted (the inversion is broken) by alloying elements and the special geometry of the coating. This directs the electrons in one direction, generating a stable current.

Energy spectrum data obtained as part of the JUNO 2025 neutrino experiment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences demonstrate high accuracy, with an error margin of only ±3.5% compared to measurements of the effective cross section σ_{eff}(E) conducted at the Munich experimental facility. σ_{eff}(E) is a physical quantity characterizing the probability that a particle with a given energy E will interact in a certain way (scattering, absorption, reaction, etc.) with a target (atom, nucleus, electron, etc.).

Precise information on neutrino fluxes, spectra, and interactions allowed Holger Thorsten Schubart, President and Chief Scientific Officer of the Neutrino Energy Group, to develop a Master Formula that mathematically describes energy conversion in nanomaterials. This formula is the basis of neutrinovoltaics and includes five key parameters:

• Effective flux of invisible radiation (Ф_{eff});

• Effective interaction cross section (σ_{eff});

• Geometry and density of graphene and doped silicon layers;

• Resonant amplification of microvibrations;

• Electron mobility in P-N junctions.

Holger Thorsten Schubart, President of the Neutrino Energy Group, with a power generation module

Based on results from the JUNO neutrino experiment in Jiangmen, research by the IceCube observatory, the global GRAPHENE scientific community, and a leading institute for condensed matter research, Schubart's fundamental formula has received a complete scientific justification. This formula explains the system's basic operation, 24/7, without interruption, regardless of weather conditions. It ensures power fluctuations of less than 5% and is completely independent of sunlight, wind, and location. Furthermore, the system is highly stable under all conditions.

The ability to quantify neutrino momentum transfer is at the core of the technology and has been confirmed by three major global experiments. In 2023, the US-based COHERENT cooperative group used a CsI [Na] detector to measure the momentum transfer, which was (1.2 ± 0.3) × 10^{-22} kg m/s. The Chinese PandaX⁻4T detector conducted similar measurements in 2025 with an accuracy of ±0.08 × 10^{-22} kg m/s. The Japanese Super Kamioka detector confirmed the stability of this effect at various energy levels.

A pilot experiment by the German Neutrino Energy Group successfully solved the key problem of converting neutrino-induced micropulses into electrical energy. When a 12-layer graphene-silicon heterojunction is exposed to neutrinos, the micropulse (1.2 × 10^{-22} kg m/s) is converted into a lattice vibration of 2.3 × 10^{-11} m. This conversion was confirmed by observations using an atomic force microscope (AFM). After amplifying the graphene phonon effect by a factor of 32, the silicon layer rectifies, generating a measurable current. As a result, the momentum-energy is converted into a lattice vibration of 2.3 × 10^{-11} m, which fully confirms the transformation chain of the basic formula.

An experiment conducted at the Munich Quantum Center to separate several energy sources confirmed the advantages of superposition. It was found that a single neutrino contributes Φ_{eff} equal to 0.062 J/(m^3 s), while a single muon contributes 0.025 J/(m^3 s). The total Φ_{eff} value in the natural environment was 0.108 J/(m^3 s), which is 18% higher than the calculated value. The deviation from the basic formula did not exceed 3%, which fully explains the issue of "insufficient single-particle energy."

Graphene Heterojunction Energy Enhancement Mechanism

The efficiency of graphene heterojunction enhancement has been confirmed by reputable international research centers. The Max Planck Institute in Germany found that the local energy enhancement factor of the α-MoO₃/graphene/silicon structure reaches 32 times. The MIT Graphene Center found that the energy absorption efficiency in the terahertz range (0.3-3 THz) is 92%, comparable to that of neutrinos and muons. The frequency range was carefully selected.

A 12-layer heterojunction fabricated at the 48th Institute of Electrical Engineering in China from 99.92% pure graphene and phosphorus-doped silicon (1.2 × 10^18 cm^{-3}) has a photovoltaic voltage sensitivity of 1.32 × 10^{-2) V*W^{-1} and an external quantum efficiency of 88%. By combining neutrino energy spectrum data from Jiangmen, scientists from the Neutrino Energy group adjusted the measured σ_{eff} value from 1.3 × 10^{-2} mm^2 to 1.38 × 10^{-2} mm^2, improving the power calculation accuracy by 45%. The results were verified by the University of Manchester, and the error was less than 5%.

This result is the result of the joint efforts of leading global institutes in particle physics and materials science. It is not a new physics discovery, but rather the result of integrating disparate scientific knowledge into a functional technical system.

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