Neutrinovoltaic Technology: Operating Principles and Energy Sources

Neutrinovoltaic technology is based on the simultaneous conversion of energy from several natural background interactions—none of the sources involved is hypothetical. Their existence and parameters are regularly measured in the fields of:

• elementary particle physics;

• condensed matter physics;

• electrical engineering.

Main sources of energy

1. Solar and atmospheric neutrinos

Despite the low energy of individual particles, neutrinos attract attention due to their ubiquity and flux stability. The phenomenon of coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos by nuclei was experimentally confirmed (2017). During this interaction, neutrinos transfer measurable momentum to condensed matter. Typical recoil energies are in the eV-keV range per interaction. The specific value depends on the target material and the neutrino energy spectrum.

2. Cosmic muons make an additional contribution to the energy release by ionizing matter. This mechanism is well studied and predictable.

3. Ambient electromagnetic fields interact with conducting materials through standard electrodynamic mechanisms (e.g., induction and capacitive effects).

4. Lattice thermal fluctuations. Present in all matter at temperatures above absolute zero (T>0 K). These fluctuations are an inevitable consequence of the thermal motion of atoms and electrons.

How the Neutrino Power Cube Works

One of the Neutrino Power Cube's skin variations

The Neutrino Power Cube fuel-free generator does not rely on any single energy channel. Instead, it conservatively integrates all of these sources and converts the combined energy of all background interactions into electricity. This multimodal approach ensures operational stability (due to source redundancy) and continuous generation (since no single factor is completely eliminated).

Physical Principles of the Technology

• A combination of multilayer nanomaterials, including graphene and doped silicon, exhibits the following characteristics:

Sizable interaction area with neutrinos and muons;

High sensitivity to electromagnetic fields due to the conductivity of graphene;

Piezoelectric, triboelectric, and flexoelectric effects arising in response to oscillations of phonon modes.

• Specific resonant structures in the material enhance the response to specific frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.

• The boundaries between the graphene and silicon layers create barriers to charge separation, which occurs during any type of interaction.

• A thermal stabilization system reduces losses caused by self-heating, ensuring efficient operation at room temperature.

Nanomaterials with a highly developed interface structure represent a special class of functional materials where the key role is played not by their bulk properties, but by the properties of the interfaces between ultrathin layers. Each atomic layer of the material actively participates in functional processes such as adsorption, charge transfer, and catalysis, significantly increasing its specific reactivity. When nanolayers with a thickness of 1 to 10 nm are superimposed, a huge number of interfaces are formed—up to 10^8−10^9 interfaces per 1 cm^3, which is unattainable for traditional bulk materials.

Energy is supplied not through the bulk, but along the interface planes, ensuring uniform energy distribution across the active layer, reducing losses due to bulk resistance and thermal conductivity, and synchronizing processes at multiple interfaces. These factors result in energy capture efficiencies per unit volume in such materials exceeding those of bulk materials by 10^3−10^4 times.

Thus, the system moves from volumetric to interface operating mechanisms, which opens up new opportunities for achieving record efficiency indicators in the energy sector.

Quantum-mechanical effects in nanomaterials

The use of multilayer nanostructures (graphene in combination with doped silicon) allows for the optimization of efficient interaction with neutrinos and energy transfer within the material through quantum resonance, the efficient conversion of particle energy into crystal lattice vibrations (phonons), and the generation of EMF through piezoelectric, triboelectric, flexoelectric, or thermoelectric effects.

Enhancement of interaction with neutrinos through quantum resonance

Neutrinos interact extremely weakly with matter due to their lack of electric charge and small scattering cross-section. However, in nanostructured systems, mechanisms that increase the probability of interaction are possible:

• Quantum resonance in the periodic graphene lattice can synchronize the phases of the neutrino and electron/phonon wave functions, increasing the effective scattering amplitude.

• Dimensional quantization in the two-dimensional graphene structure creates discrete energy levels, allowing the system to be "tuned" for resonant absorption of neutrino energy when their energies coincide.

• Doped silicon in the substrate modifies the band structure of graphene (via the electric field of the gate), adjusting the density of states near the Fermi level and thereby optimizing resonance conditions.

Mathematically, resonance can be described through the energy-coincidence condition:

Е_v ≈ Е_phonon + Е_{electron-hole pair},

Where Е_v =neutrino energy, Е_phonon - the energy of a quantum of lattice vibrations, Е_{electron-hole pair} — excitation energy in graphene.

Conversion of energy into phonons

When neutrinos interact with electrons or nuclei in the lattice, energy transfer occurs, which:

• excites crystal lattice vibrations (phonons) due to electron-phonon interactions;

• creates quasiparticles (for example, plasmons in graphene), which then relax, generating phonons.

In graphene, the high carrier mobility and linear electron dispersion near the Dirac point (E∝|k|) facilitate efficient energy transfer from neutrinos to phonons. Doped silicon enhances this process, providing an additional scattering channel through impurity centers.

Key advantages of the technology

1. Independence of external conditions. Operation is independent of time of day, weather, or geographic location—energy sources are ubiquitous.

2. Experimentally validated. All involved physical phenomena are observable, measurable, and described in the scientific literature.

3. Scalability. The technology is potentially applicable on both micro- and macroscales due to the cumulative effect of multiple weak interactions.

Thus, Neutrinovoltaic represents a promising direction in energy, based on the consolidation of several fundamental physical processes. Its potential for creating autonomous electric power sources makes it one of the most intriguing areas in energy.

Authors: L.K. Rumyantsev, Ph.D., Holger Thorsten Schubart, Doctor of Economics

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