Neutrinovoltaic electricity generation - current through oscillations of graphene atoms

Why is the scientific community divided over the viability of the Neutrinovoltaic fuel-free power generation technology, developed under the leadership of Neutrino Energy Group CEO and President, mathematician Holger Thorsten Schubart?

The problem lies not only in the evidence published by Neutrino Energy, but also in the very small number of scientists conducting research in the field of graphene power generation. Typically, the publications are reviewed by physicists, who argue that enormous "traps" must be built to detect individual neutrinos. Massive detectors (for example, containing thousands of cubic meters of water or scintillator) are being built to detect even single neutrinos. The assumption that neutrinos can be effectively "caught" with an efficiency orders of magnitude greater than that of modern detectors is considered unrealistic by many. Academician Bruno Pontecorvo cited the example of how to reduce the solar neutrino flux by a factor of 2, filling the entire solar system with lead. The Borexino detector, with its 100 tons of liquid scintillator, registers fewer than 200 neutrino events per day, demonstrating an extremely low interaction rate. Neutrinos are highly penetrating and pass virtually unimpeded through matter, including the Earth. This means the probability of their interaction with the detector or generator material is extremely low.

In this article we will try to present arguments that explain the fallacy of the arguments presented by opponents.

All of the opponents' arguments focus solely on the interaction of neutrinos with matter. This is a serious mistake. The operating principle of Neutrinovoltaic technology does not rely on the literal "capture" of neutrinos. The key mechanism is the conversion of the energy of particles of invisible radiation (including neutrinos) into electric current by exciting oscillations (graphene waves) of graphene atoms.

A number of articles published both in Russia and in international media have listed the types of invisible radiation that influence the generated power, namely:

• Solar and atmospheric neutrinos. Neutrinos are produced in thermonuclear reactions on the Sun, atmospheric processes such as pion and muon decay, and in supernovae and other cosmic objects. At the Earth's surface, the solar neutrino flux density is approximately 6.5 x 10^10 neutrinos/cm^2. The COHERENT-2017 experiment confirmed that neutrinos scatter elastically from nuclei, transferring momentum with an energy of E_r ≈ eV-keV, which depends on the mass of the nucleus and the neutrino energy. The probability of detecting a single neutrino is extremely low (σ_ν​ ⁓ 10^{-44} cm^2), so single events are undetectable. However, despite the low energy of a single interaction, the overall effect is significant due to the enormous flux.

• Cosmic muons. Muons are produced in the upper atmosphere as a result of collisions of cosmic rays with atomic nuclei. At sea level, their density is approximately 1 muon/(cm^2 min). This means that about 1 muon passes through 1 cm^2 of area. ⁓ 2 10^4 cm^2 muons pass through the human body (with an area of ​​⁓2 m^2 = 2 10^4 cm^2) per minute, i.e., about 330 muons/sec. Muons lose energy during the ionization of matter, creating secondary electrons and phonons, which can generate electric current. Current. Flux stability: Unlike solar radiation, the muon flux intensity varies little over time.

• Ambient electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields can be both natural (ionospheric resonances, atmospheric discharges) and man-made (electronic devices, power transmission networks). The oscillation frequency varies from kHz (atmospheric noise) to GHz (radio waves). In nanomaterials such as graphene and doped silicon, alternating fields induce displacement currents and eddy currents, which can be harnessed using resonant structures.

• Thermal vibrations of the crystal lattice. At temperatures above absolute zero, atoms in the crystal lattice oscillate, the amplitude of which depends on the temperature and the strength of interatomic bonds. Phonon energy: In typical materials at room temperature, the phonon energy is approximately 25 meV. In heterostructures such as graphene/silicon, thermal phonons cause various electrical effects, including piezoelectric, triboelectric, Flexoelectric and thermoelectric, complementing other energy generation methods.

  Neutrinovoltaic technology does not rely solely on the impact of neutrinos on a multilayer material consisting of alternating layers of graphene and doped silicon. No single interaction plays a decisive role in Neutrinovoltaic power generation. The system operates by the parallel summation of multiple independent events. Billions of weak interactions add up to a macroscopic and measurable electric current. This principle, similar to that used in semiconductor devices, ensures their stable operation despite microscopic noise. Only the cumulative result of billions of events generates a signal exceeding the detection threshold.

  Neutrinovoltaic technology exploits the collective behavior of particles according to the same principles as semiconductors, lasers, or thermoelectric generators. Its performance is based not on the strength of individual interactions, but on the static predictability of mass processes. This makes it viable despite the microscopic weakness of each event.

  Despite scientific doubts Despite opponents, scientists from the Neutrino Energy group, together with supporters from Germany, China, India, South Korea, and Russia, continue to advance the project, which is currently in the large-scale production phase.

  Authors: L.K. Rumiantcev, Ph.D., Holger Trorsten Schubart, D.Sc. (Econ.)

  
  

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