What will the introduction of new energy technologies lead to? Reality and prospects

Since the beginning of electrification in the late 19th century, the power supply system has been built and is still built on the principle of centralization, when electricity is generated in large units and then delivered to end consumers through an expensive system of high-voltage power lines and step-down substations.

At the end of the 20th century, new technologies emerged: solar and wind generation. Although they produce direct current, it must be converted to alternating current to connect to centralized power grids. This leads to a double loss of power, since many household appliances operate on direct current. Another problem is the complete dependence of generation on the weather. For this reason, in some countries, power supply systems began to operate unstably, and sometimes even shut down completely.

Currently, many technologies have already been developed for fuel-free electricity generators, which have limited power and are intended mainly for autonomous power supply of households. The majority of them have rotating parts, which require not only scheduled and emergency repairs, but also operating costs. In addition, the noise generated by such generators makes it almost impossible to use them in domestic conditions, as well as wind turbines.

Fuel-free generator circuits have long been developed based on the creation of an oscillatory circuit without the use of rotating parts, but there is no reliable information about their industrial production in the open press. Practice shows that the costs of organizing resource and certification tests, as well as the creation of technology for industrial assembly of fuel-free generators are an insurmountable obstacle for almost all inventors. Large energy companies are unlikely to invest in the production of fuel-free generators at the initial stage until they are convinced that the developed technology of power generation is developing year after year and begins to take away part of the market from them, but this will take more than a dozen years, as happened with solar panels and wind turbines. For developers of fuel-free generators, there is only one way - to create sufficient capital for research and organization of production. Such generators should be available to retail buyers, at least at the initial stages. An example of such an approach is the strategy of the Neutrino Energy group of companies - Neutrinovoltaic technology was developed by attracting share capital. More than 150 pre-industrial samples of fuel-free Neutrino Power Cubes generators with a capacity of 5-6 kW were created on its basis. These generators have successfully passed resource tests, confirming the declared characteristics and reliability.

The uniqueness of the developed Neutrino Power Cube generator is its independence from weather conditions, 24/7 generation in the basic mode, compactness and absence of rotating parts. The principle of operation of Neutrinovoltaic technology is that the invented nanomaterial allowed to convert the energy of particles of invisible spectrum radiation fields into electric current, which became possible due to the dynamic behavior of graphene, which is part of the nanomaterial. Due to the pulsating behavior of graphene in the resonance mode, caused not only by the effect of particles of natural and artificial radiation fields, but also by the thermal motion of graphene atoms, there is a dynamic interaction of electric and magnetic fields, causing the occurrence of EMF. Considering that in the nanomaterial there are from 12 to 20 single-atom layers of graphene, alternating with the same number of doped silicon layers, the EMF occurs in each layer of graphene. With this configuration of the nanomaterial, a p-n junction is created that allows electric current to pass in only one direction, which is similar to the effect of a thin-film diode. The multilayer nature of the nanomaterial allows for maximum electric power to be obtained from a unit of surface area, since one layer of graphene cannot provide sufficient power for industrial use. Graphene was chosen for creating the nanomaterial because it is the only currently known material that, while being a 2D material, can only exist stably in a 3D plane. In addition, each carbon atom in graphene is linked to three other atoms, forming a two-dimensional plane. However, one electron remains free, which ensures electron conductivity in the third dimension. That is why it is technologically very important to ensure the application of single-atom graphene layers, since they allow the maximum possible electric current to be obtained from radiation fields.

During the production of pre-industrial samples of Neutrino Power Cubes, the company's engineers came to the conclusion that it was necessary to develop an industrial technology for applying single-atom layers of multilayer nanomaterials, since the chemical deposition method used is inefficient and expensive. Holger Thorsten Schubart, President of the Neutrino Energy Group of Companies, said at one of his presentations that the developers are leaning toward the option of plasma spraying of nanomaterial onto a metal substrate in the manufacture of power-generating plates. Such a production concept will require the manufacture of an expensive, unique automated complex that allows for the application of single-atom layers onto large areas of the substrate at a rate of 10 m2/sec. Economic calculations have shown that such a complex should operate in 2-3 shifts to minimize production costs. When deciding on such a strategy, the finished power-generating plates will be delivered to assembly plants in various countries.

The Neutrino Energy Group of Companies is a pioneer in the creation of fuel-free graphene power generation in the world, which implies solving complex technological problems that arise in the process of work. Despite the fact that only the first steps have been taken in the process of implementing fuel-free generation Neutrinovoltaic, they prove that this is an innovative working technology that opens up real prospects for the energy transition.

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