Neutrinovoltaic: From Fundamental Physics to New Energy Sources

Despite compelling experimental results obtained by scientists at the Neutrino Energy group, under the scientific direction of Holger Thorsten Schubart, in converting low-energy background particle fluxes from ambient radiation fields into electric current, resistance and rejection by some in the scientific community to Holger Thorsten Schubart's proposed concept of fuel-free, distributed graphene-based power generation is forcing the company to develop a theoretical model for this technology. At the same time, Neutrino Energy is actively pursuing the industrial production of neutrinovoltaic power sources, primarily in Southeast Asia.

The development of a technology and industrial method for producing fuel-free neutrinovoltaic energy sources, which already at the industrial assembly stage are competitive in efficiency not only with conventional energy but also with solar and wind power, pose a potential threat to the relevance of the work of many scientists. This leads them to assert that power generation from low-energy background radiation is impossible, despite the fact that research results are published almost every year that seamlessly support the theoretical model proposed by Holger Thorsten Schubart.

The Discovery of the Dirac Liquid and Its Significance

In April 2026, a joint team from the National Institute of Materials Science of Japan and the Indian Institute of Science published a breakthrough study in the journal "Nature Physics." This fundamental discovery in graphene physics involves the discovery of a special state of electrons—the Dirac liquid. What exactly did the scientists discover? In ultra-pure graphene samples (with virtually no defects or impurities that typically "interfere" with electrons), under certain conditions (at the so-called Dirac point—the boundary between a metal and an insulator), electrons cease to behave as individual particles. They begin to move collectively, as a single flow—this state is called a Dirac liquid. A key feature: in this regime, the Wiedemann-Franz law is violated. In ordinary metals, thermal and electrical conductivity change in concert, but in a Dirac liquid, they separate: as electrical conductivity increases, thermal conductivity decreases, and vice versa—the deviation is more than 200-fold. In other words, heat and charge are transported by different mechanisms.

Relationship with neutrinovoltaics

Neutrinovoltaics technology aims to convert extremely weak influences, such as neutrinos, muons, thermal motion, and the electromagnetic background, into a directed electric current. However, these influences typically only cause chaotic and symmetric oscillations of graphene atoms or electron fluctuations, making it impossible to achieve pure directed motion.

However, there is hope in the form of a Dirac fluid. In this regime, electrons move in a coordinated manner and with extremely low viscosity, almost like a perfect fluid. This allows external weak influences, such as neutrinos or thermal lattice vibrations, to effectively "nudge" this collective flow and determine its preferred direction. Thus, the hydrodynamic behavior of electrons in graphene can amplify and rectify very weak signals from various sources (neutrinos, muons, heat, and the electromagnetic background), converting them into a macroscopic current.

Proponents of the technology, such as Neutrino Energy, base their developments, among other things, on these principles. It is argued that the violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law and hydrodynamic transport in graphene are key factors for the efficient conversion of background energy into electricity.

However, the significance of this discovery should not be overestimated. It does not prove that neutrinos are the primary or sole source of energy in this device (in practice, thermal or electromagnetic fluctuations may play a dominant role). Furthermore, there are technological challenges: for example, it is difficult to organize the mass production of ultra-pure graphene, and in real-world conditions, other factors also influence the system's performance. Nevertheless, from a fundamental perspective, the discovery of the Dirac liquid is a compelling argument in favor of graphene's ability to perform the function of "amplifier" and "rectifier" of weak signals expected of it in neutrinovoltaics.

Neutrinovoltaics is a subject of much debate, and it is often reduced solely to neutrinos. However, this is only part of the picture. The technology involves using neutrinos as one element, but its core idea is a system that simultaneously harvests energy from diverse and weak sources present everywhere. Therefore, the assertion that the essence of neutrinovoltaics lies solely in neutrinos is incorrect. A more detailed explanation of how the four energy channels work is needed to clarify the issue.

The technology utilizes four main energy sources:

• Neutrino flux – includes solar, atmospheric, and geological neutrinos interacting through the mechanism of coherent elastic scattering.

• Muon flux – creates short-term currents due to ionization and Cherenkov radiation.

• Electromagnetic radiation – is converted into an electrical signal due to plasmonic oscillations of graphene.

• Thermal fluctuations – are converted into direct current through asymmetric nanostructures.

Important note: none of the energy channels is a powerful energy source by itself. The idea is not to rely on a single powerful source, but to simultaneously "collect the crumbs" from all of these channels. Individually, the contribution of each is negligible, but together they add up to a measurable macroscopic current. The system is designed to be resilient: if the intensity of one source temporarily decreases (for example, due to shielding), the others continue to generate power.

Neutrinovoltaic technology provides a stable and environmentally friendly energy source, independent of weather conditions and time of day. In this technology, a nanomaterial developed by scientists at the Neutrino Energy group, led by Scientific Director and President Holger Thorsten Schubart, converts radiation energy into electric current using a combination of effects caused by the generation of graphene waves:

• piezoelectric – charge generation due to mechanical deformation;

• triboelectric – charge generation due to contact/friction between surfaces;

• flexoelectric – polarization due to a deformation gradient;

• thermoelectric – conversion of a temperature gradient into voltage.

Practical Implementation

Technological challenges include:

• Scaling up ultra-pure graphene production

• Considering the influence of external factors

• Ensuring system stability

Development Prospects

Despite significant advances in the theoretical basis, the technology requires further research. However, the discovery of the Dirac liquid has significantly strengthened the theoretical foundations of neutrinovoltaics, opening a new stage in the development of technology for converting dissipated energy into electric current.

Author: L.K. Rumyantsev, Ph.D.

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